1. ab

Date:

2018-08-29

1.1. 命令格式

命令格式:

ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path

1.2. 所属用户

命令路径:

/usr/bin/ab

需要权限:

普通用户权限即可执行

1.3. 使用指导

作用：

ab命令是Apache的Web服务器的性能测试工具，它可以测试安装Web服务器每秒种处理的HTTP请求。

ab命令是软件包 httpd-tools 提供的工具。

小技巧

查看方法：

yum provides */ab

1.4. 参数

参数及参数作用：

-n requests

• 用于指定压力测试总共的执行次数。如果没有指定这个参数默认是请求1次。

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab http://www.baidu.com/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.baidu.com (be patient).....done


Server Software:        BWS/1.1--------------------提供服务的软件
Server Hostname:        www.baidu.com--------------主机名
Server Port:            80-------------------------端口

Document Path:          /index.html----------------压力测试的页面
Document Length:        118719 bytes---------------页面大小

Concurrency Level:      1--------------------------并发，这个默认是1
Time taken for tests:   0.107 seconds--------------测试耗时
Complete requests:      1--------------------------完成的请求次数
Failed requests:        0--------------------------请求失败次数
Write errors:           0--------------------------写错误的次数
Total transferred:      119670 bytes---------------共传输的字节数
HTML transferred:       118719 bytes---------------传输html页面字符串，应该等于页面大小乘以请求的次数
Requests per second:    9.34 [#/sec] (mean)--------每秒请求次数
Time per request:       107.099 [ms] (mean)--------每次请求耗时
Time per request:       107.099 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          1091.19 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       17   17   0.0     17      17
Processing:    90   90   0.0     90      90
Waiting:       18   18   0.0     18      18
Total:        107  107   0.0    107     107

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 10 http://www.baidu.com/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.baidu.com (be patient).....done


Server Software:        BWS/1.1
Server Hostname:        www.baidu.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        118227 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   1.107 seconds
Complete requests:      10
Failed requests:        9
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 9, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      1194133 bytes
HTML transferred:       1184545 bytes
Requests per second:    9.03 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       110.693 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       110.693 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          1053.50 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       16   18   1.6     17      22
Processing:    73   93   9.9     91     105
Waiting:       18   18   0.6     19      19
Total:         95  110   8.9    109     122
WARNING: The median and mean for the waiting time are not within a normal deviation
        These results are probably not that reliable.

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%    109
66%    109
75%    121
80%    122
90%    122
95%    122
98%    122
99%    122
100%    122 (longest request)

-c concurrency

• 用于指定压力测试的并发数。默认并发是1。

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 100 https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient).....done


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        zzjlogin.github.io
Server Port:            443
SSL/TLS Protocol:       TLSv1/SSLv3,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256,2048,128

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        65452 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1-------------------------并发为1
Time taken for tests:   139.671 seconds-----------默认并发是1，所以100次请求耗时较长
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      6611663 bytes
HTML transferred:       6545200 bytes
Requests per second:    0.72 [#/sec] (mean)-------并发为1，所以每秒请求数也比较小
Time per request:       1396.714 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1396.714 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          46.23 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:      608  690  33.4    693     749
Processing:   596  706  78.2    693    1063
Waiting:      200  229  11.9    230     257
Total:       1205 1396  93.0   1391    1785

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%   1391
66%   1416
75%   1429
80%   1440
90%   1478
95%   1572
98%   1750
99%   1785
100%   1785 (longest request)

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 100 -c20 https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient).....done


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        zzjlogin.github.io
Server Port:            443
SSL/TLS Protocol:       TLSv1/SSLv3,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256,2048,128

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        65452 bytes

Concurrency Level:      20-----------------------并发是参数设置的20
Time taken for tests:   8.678 seconds------------总耗时，并发为20，所以耗时更短
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      6611703 bytes------------共传输的数据
HTML transferred:       6545200 bytes------------html总传输的页面大小，和并发为1时相同
Requests per second:    11.52 [#/sec] (mean)-----因为并发为20，所以比并发为1时每秒请求次数更多了。
Time per request:       1735.534 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       86.777 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          744.06 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:      716  751  24.9    747     811
Processing:   711  746  53.6    735    1001
Waiting:      236  245   4.0    245     254
Total:       1437 1497  60.0   1487    1756

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%   1487
66%   1494
75%   1502
80%   1529
90%   1553
95%   1680
98%   1725
99%   1756
100%   1756 (longest request)

-t timelimit

• 等待响应的最大时间(单位：秒)。默认情况下没有时间限制

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 100 -t 1 https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient)
Finished 1 requests


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        zzjlogin.github.io
Server Port:            443
SSL/TLS Protocol:       TLSv1/SSLv3,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256,2048,128

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        65452 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   1.727 seconds
Complete requests:      1--------------------------设置等待时间1秒，发现请求100次，成功请求只有1次
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      66117 bytes
HTML transferred:       65452 bytes
Requests per second:    0.58 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       1727.304 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1727.304 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          37.38 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:      801  801   0.0    801     801
Processing:   926  926   0.0    926     926
Waiting:      414  414   0.0    414     414
Total:       1726 1726   0.0   1726    1726

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 100 -t 1 http://192.168.1.1/webpages/login.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.1.1 (be patient)
Finished 81 requests


Server Software:
Server Hostname:        192.168.1.1
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /webpages/login.html
Document Length:        73974 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   1.004 seconds
Complete requests:      81-----------------------局域网测试，请求100次，设置超时时间1秒，最后成功81次
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      6007851 bytes
HTML transferred:       5991894 bytes
Requests per second:    80.65 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       12.399 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       12.399 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          5841.67 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        1    1   0.1      1       1
Processing:    10   11   0.7     11      15
Waiting:        1    1   0.5      1       5
Total:         11   12   0.7     12      16

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%     12
66%     12
75%     13
80%     13
90%     13
95%     14
98%     14
99%     16
100%     16 (longest request)

-b windowsize

• TCP发送/接收的缓冲大小(单位：字节,bytes)。

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 10 -b 100 https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient).....done


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        zzjlogin.github.io
Server Port:            443
SSL/TLS Protocol:       TLSv1/SSLv3,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256,2048,128

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        65452 bytes--------------测试页面比设置的值大，这个测试大几倍

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   119.578 seconds----------因为请求的只能接收100bytes，所以每个页面需要分多次传，所以耗时更长。
Complete requests:      10
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      661170 bytes
HTML transferred:       654520 bytes
Requests per second:    0.08 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       11957.845 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       11957.845 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          5.40 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:     1081 1210 105.9   1205    1484
Processing: 10441 10747 242.3  10785   11174
Waiting:      431  470  24.7    480     506
Total:      11554 11957 243.3  11951   12407

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%  11951
66%  11978
75%  12127
80%  12213
90%  12407
95%  12407
98%  12407
99%  12407
100%  12407 (longest request)
[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -n 10 -b 10000 https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient).....done


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        zzjlogin.github.io
Server Port:            443
SSL/TLS Protocol:       TLSv1/SSLv3,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256,2048,128

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        65452 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   22.891 seconds------------这个设置的缓存接收范围比较大，所以耗时较短
Complete requests:      10
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      661170 bytes
HTML transferred:       654520 bytes
Requests per second:    0.44 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2289.149 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       2289.149 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          28.21 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:      673  748  36.2    764     783
Processing:  1447 1541  97.2   1530    1767
Waiting:      227  245  11.3    246     262
Total:       2130 2288 119.7   2290    2539

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%   2290
66%   2298
75%   2307
80%   2418
90%   2539
95%   2539
98%   2539
99%   2539
100%   2539 (longest request)

-p postfile

• 发送POST请求时需要上传的文件，此外还必须设置-T参数。

• 示例：

-u putfile

• 发送PUT请求时需要上传的文件，此外还必须设置-T参数。

• 示例：

-T content-type

• 用于设置Content-Type请求头信息，例如：application/x-www-form-urlencoded，默认值为text/plain。

• 示例：

-v verbosity

• 指定打印帮助信息的冗余级别。默认是1

• 4是打印头信息，3是打印相应状态码(例如200、404)，2是打印警告和通知信息

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -v 3 https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient)...INFO: POST header ==
---
GET /index.html HTTP/1.0
Host: zzjlogin.github.io
User-Agent: ApacheBench/2.3
Accept: */*

省略下面输出内容

-w

• 以HTML表格形式打印结果。默认表宽两列，背景为白色。

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -w https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
<p>
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <i>&lt;$Revision: 655654 $&gt;</i><br>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/<br>
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/<br>
</p>

-i

• 使用HEAD请求代替GET请求。

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -i https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking zzjlogin.github.io (be patient).....done


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        zzjlogin.github.io
Server Port:            443
SSL/TLS Protocol:       TLSv1/SSLv3,ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256,2048,128

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        0 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   0.956 seconds
Complete requests:      1
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      665 bytes
HTML transferred:       0 bytes
Requests per second:    1.05 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       956.310 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       956.310 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          0.68 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:      722  722   0.0    722     722
Processing:   235  235   0.0    235     235
Waiting:      234  234   0.0    234     234
Total:        956  956   0.0    956     956

-x <table>-attributes

• 插入字符串作为table标签的属性。-y插入字符串作为tr标签的属性。

• 示例：

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -w https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
<p>
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <i>&lt;$Revision: 655654 $&gt;</i><br>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/<br>
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/<br>
</p>
<p>
..done


<table >
下面内容略

[user@centos6 ~]$ ab -x test https://zzjlogin.github.io/index.html
<p>
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <i>&lt;$Revision: 655654 $&gt;</i><br>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/<br>
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/<br>
</p>
<p>
..done


<table test>
下面内容略

-y attributes

• 插入字符串作为tr标签的属性。

• 示例：

-z attributes

• 插入字符串作为td标签的属性。

• 示例：

-C attributes

• 添加cookie信息，例如：”Apache=1234”(可以重复该参数选项以添加多个)。

• cookie格式：name=value，这种名称和值成对出现。

• 示例：

-H attributes

• 添加任意的请求头，请求头将会添加在现有的多个请求头之后(可以重复该参数选项以添加多个)。

• 值时冒号分割的键值对，例如： Accept-Encoding: gzip 或者 Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit

• 示例：

-A auth-username:password

• 添加一个基本的网络认证信息，用户名和密码之间用英文冒号隔开。

• 示例：

-P proxy-auth-username:password

• 添加一个基本的代理认证信息，用户名和密码之间用英文冒号隔开。

• 示例：

-X proxy:port

• 指定使用的代理服务器和端口号，例如:”126.10.10.3:88”。

• 示例：

-V

• 打印版本号并退出。

• 示例：

-k

• 使用HTTP的KeepAlive特性。

• 示例：

-d

• 不显示百分比。

• 示例：

-S

• 不显示预估和警告信息。

• 示例：

-g filename

• 输出结果信息到gnuplot格式的文件中。

• 示例：

-e filename

• 输出结果信息到CSV格式的文件中。

• 示例：

-r

• 指定接收到错误信息时不退出程序。

-h

• 显示用法信息，其实就是ab -help。

-Z ciphersuite

• 指定加密组件，可以参考openssl

-f protocol

• 使用指定的SSL/TLS 协议(SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, or ALL)

1.5. 参考实例

[root@zzjlogin ~]# ab -c 1000 -n 1000 http://www.baidu.com/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.baidu.com (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
apr_socket_recv: Connection refused (111)
Total of 309 requests completed

[root@zzjlogin ~]# ab -n 1000 -c 1000 http://192.168.161.132/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.161.132 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests


Server Software:        nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname:        192.168.161.132
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        612 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1000
Time taken for tests:   0.072 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      845000 bytes
HTML transferred:       612000 bytes
Requests per second:    13810.63 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       72.408 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.072 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          11396.47 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
            min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0   24   2.4     24      29
Processing:    16   20   2.7     20      27
Waiting:        0   17   4.8     18      27
Total:         25   44   1.6     44      47

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%     44
66%     44
75%     45
80%     46
90%     46
95%     47
98%     47
99%     47
100%     47 (longest request)

1.6. 相关命令